Household Survey Data Collection
Survey Sites Selection In each of the five countries the same household survey was implemented in two predominantly rural areas. These two areas were located in regions that dastard Collection 69Climate Change and Migration • http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-9971-2consideredto be vulnerable to climate-induced environmental degradation in the agricultural sector and are also areas that have produced significant out-migration internal to the countries. In other words, the regions were chosen based on existing environmental conditions and on their contribution to internal migration patterns. The majority of the areas have been subjected to long-term drought and water scarcity or incidence of flooding. While there is ongoing debate regarding whether the sources of climate change are caused by human actions or by natural climatic factors, the selection of the areas was meant to reflect the latter. In practice, we relied for the selection of the areas on recommendations from climate change and environment experts in the respective countries, population'sand migration experts, ministry officials, and existing information from a wide variety of sources on climate and migration trends in each country. The remoteness of the areas and security risks also influenced survey site selection. Official approval from ministries in each country was obtained to conduct the survey in each survey site. The sample size in each area was 400 households for a total of800 households in each of the five countries.In Algeria, two sites were selected. Claim's is located in the Steppe region and has been classified by the Algerian Ministry of Agriculture and the National Centre for Spatial Techniques as an area that is “sensitive” or “very sensitive” to desertification. Approximately, 62 percent of the region has been designated as such. Djellaba is also located in the Steppe zone and has similarly been designated-as “sensitive” or “very sensitive” to desertification. In that region, approximately500,000 hectares of land are in the process of desertification and more than seven million hectares are under threat of desertification.In Egypt, the first area chosen area was Dakhalia in the Northeast. Experts at the Cairo College for Engineering indicate that water consumption has increased17 percent owed to hotter and longer summers there. In the governorate of Dakhalia, approximately 11,000 hectares of land in 2010 were no longer viable as a result of poor weather conditions, which has caused diminished water supply for agriculture. Farmers staged regular protests outside of the governor’s office demanding initiative to improve availability of water. The second region is Sharqia, also in the Northeast. Similar water scarcity has damaged rice farms causing farmers to use sewage water for irrigation purposes. The Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics reports that water resources in Egypt will decline by 15 billion cubic meters by 2017 in these and other areas throughout the country, a significant decrease from the requirement of 86.2 billion.
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